Measures of market accessibility help determine the nature of effective (farm gate) prices and the farm input and output decisions influenced by these prices.The report “Proximity to African Agricultural Markets, Down to the Last Kilometer” aims to characterize the spatial proximity to markets for agricultural producers in sub‐Saharan Africa. The spatially‐explicit market proximity analysis presented here (and the underlying data, analytical tools and framing) enable investors and policy makers to move beyond generalities that typically lack actionable insights, and begin developing a better understanding of precisely what road infrastructure in which locale may realize the larger development bang for the buck.