Farms tend to be simplified ecosystems designed to efficiently produce one or a few crops or livestock. Strategies to diversify these systems by managing multiple species, incorporating areas of noncrop vegetation, or conserving soil or water have been posed as ways of countering the negative environmental effects of simplified agriculture such as biodiversity loss and pollution. Rasmussen et al. examined the effects of such practices on both environmental and social outcomes by harmonizing data from 24 studies in 11 countries. They found that implementing livestock diversification or soil conservation tended to create beneficial social and environmental outcomes, especially for biodiversity. Farms that implemented multiple diversification strategies had more win-win outcomes.
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