African countries are increasingly adopting agroecology in national agricultural frameworks as a holistic approach to transforming their agricultural and food systems to improve food security, wealth creation, poverty reduction and to more effectively meet their continental and global commitments. Agroecology offers an integrated approach to key priorities at national and regional levels, including climate change adaptation and resilience, stemming biodiversity loss, improving food and nutrition security, and raising gender equality. Experiences in several southern African countries (Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe) are analysed in this document which also examines the levels of public resource allocated to the agriculture sector.