The RuralStruc Program on the ‘Structural Dimensions of Liberalization in Agriculture and Rural Development’ is a joint initiative of the World Bank, the French Cooperation (French Development Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, Agricultural Research Centre for International Development—CIRAD) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. It is managed by the World Bank. With a duration of five years (2006‐2010), its objective is to propose a renewed analysis of the processes of liberalization and economic integration and their impacts on agriculture and the rural sector of developing countries. It also has the mandate to bring an updated vision of the situation of rural economies in terms of levels of wealth, diversification and overall transformation. The results obtained will make it possible to improve the dialogue between national and international partners and to provide orientations for the agricultural and rural policy debates.